Asthma is a bronchial attack that becomes sensitive and narrow.
Bronchial asthma is a disease that has wheezing, shortness of breath, and resolves on its own or with treatment. Asthma attacks include symptoms such as wheezing, severe coughing, and shortness of breath. The mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, including the bronchi of asthmatics, accumulate cells and lymphocytes, mostly eosinophils (a type of white blood cell), and inflammation even if the attack subsides. As a result, the muscles around the bronchial tubes contract with a slight stimulus, narrowing the airways and causing airway obstruction.
Background
According to the WHO, the prevalence of asthma has continued to rise since the 1970s, with 235 million patients worldwide. More than 25 million people in US are affected. It is one of the most common children diseases. Affecting millions of children in the US. This condition is more common in boys before puberty and girls after puberty. It is also relatively common in non-Hispanic blacks and Puerto Ricans.
Despite the increasing prevalence, mortality has decreased in recent years. In the United States, asthma kills about 3,400 people a year. However, mortality in blacks is 2-3 times higher than in whites. Asthma is the leading cause of hospitalization in children and is the most common chronic disease that causes absenteeism in the early period. Total medical costs and productivity due to asthma are estimated at $ 56 billion annually.
Why do the symptoms occur?
Asthma occurs when the airways (airways) become sensitive to inflammation, such as allergies, when breathing, causing congestion and congestion. The main causes are allergic inflammation and allergies to house dust, but there are many patients whose cause is unknown.
Symptoms of asthma
- Wheezing in the throat Look Fufu
- Shortness of breath
- Severe cough paroxysm, sputum
- He got stuck suddenly
- Chest pain
- Heart palpitations, shortness of breath.
- Stretching the back
- Dry cough
Causes of asthma
The cause of asthma is unknown, but it may be due to the complex interactions between many genes, environmental conditions and nutritional status. Environmental conditions during pregnancy, perinatal and childhood are associated with asthma in childhood and after adulthood. If the mother becomes pregnant at an early age or becomes malnourished during pregnancy, the risk is very high. Premature birth, low birth weight, and lack of breastfeeding also appear to be at risk.
Environmental conditions such as exposure to household allergens (ticks, beetles, pet dander, etc.) and other environmental allergens are also associated with asthma in older children and adults. Diets rich in vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acids and obesity are also linked to asthma.
In developed countries, small families with several children, indoor cleaning, vaccination, and the use of antibiotics can reduce the ability to develop allergens in the early environment. There is a theory that this may help increase asthma in developed countries (health hypothesis).
It is generally said that 5-7 of children and 3-5 of adults have asthma. Asthma in children is relatively common in children and is often caused by allergies. Seizures can go away in the upper grades, but may reappear in your 20s and 30s. 60-80% of asthma in adults occurs only in adulthood and the ratio of men to women is fixed. It is often said that the cause of asthma in children cannot be clearly identified.
Major causes of asthma:
Allergens:
- Check
- House dust
- Pet
- pollen
- Food
Incentives other than allergens
- Motion
- Tobacco
- Overwork / stress
- Infectious diseases such as colds
- Air pollution
- Changes in weather and temperature
- Smell of perfume etc.
Cough asthma that easily progresses to asthma
Even if the infection heals like a cold, if the cough persists for a long time (more than 8 weeks after onset), there is a risk of asthma cough. Asthma Cough Because it causes severe coughing from midnight to dawn, the airways are very sensitive to irritation and allergens cause coughing, which gets worse with the seasons. But
No wheezing or shortness of breath like Look, hoo. Sputum is not very mixed.
There is a difference. Medication for 1 to 2 months is said to cure most of the disease, but about 30 to 40% of adults (even more so in children) are reported to develop wheezing asthma.
Diseases with similar symptoms to asthma
Infectious diseases such as colds, flu, pertussis and mycoplasma can also cause paroxysmal coughs. Inflammation from an infection can cause asthma. Also, long-term symptoms can be tuberculosis or cancer. Colds and similar cases often improve with short-term care, but there are also infectious diseases that require treatment with antibacterial drugs such as severe infection and exacerbation, and the symptoms become severe or prolonged.
Diagnosis of Asthma
Pulmonary function tests check for poor airflow in the airways. If your current improves after inhaling a bronchodilator, you are more likely to develop asthma. It also uses sputum tests to diagnose airway inflammation and nitric oxide concentrations in exhaled breathing, and blood tests to diagnose allergies.
Prognosis
Asthma was said to be easily treatable in childhood, but in recent years, there have been many reports that the prevalence, which is declining from grade 1 to grade 6, is increasing. Although several long-term prognosis studies have been performed abroad, a cohort study at birth in the United States found that 60% of the group with a history of wheezing in children under 6 years of age and 6 years did not experience wheezing.